Source A
The
effects of World War One on Russia
Every day of fighting in 1915 required an expenditure of 25.7 million
roubles. In 1916 this sum had jumped to 41.7 million
roubles. Agriculture and industry were badly hit by
conscription. Eighteen million men, nearly half of the
adult working population, were called up.
From
Lenin,
DAVID
SHUB,
1948
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Question
1a
Explain
what you can learn from Source A about the
effects of World War One on Russian agriculture and
industry. (5 marks)
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Source
B
Mutiny
among the troops in Petrograd
Serious
mutiny has broken out among the troops. All the men we
saw who had been sent to restore order, after firing a
few shots, joined with the mutineers. All the units
sent to fight the mutiny are changing sides, one after
another.
From
the diary of a
French visitor, Louis
de Robien, early March 1917.
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Source
C
Chaos
in Petrograd
Terrible
things are happening in
Petrograd
. Gunfire never stops in our part of the city. The officers cannot go
into the streets because the crowd disarms them,
attacks them, and even kills them.
From
an account by Dmitri Shakhovskoi, a 14
year-old eyewitness.
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Question
1b
Do
Sources B and C agree about what was
happening in
Petrograd
in early 1917?
Explain your answer using Sources B and C. (6 marks)
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Source
E
The
influence of Rasputin
A
cartoon showing Rasputin with the Tsar and his wife, published in 1916.
The
words on the cartoon mean 'The Russian Tsars at home'.
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Question
1c
How
useful is the cartoon (Source E) to an
historian studying the influence of Rasputin on the
Russian royal family.
Use Source E and your own knowledge to explain
your answer. (9 marks)
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Source
D
The
unplanned revolution of March 1917
The
unplanned combination of several factors in
Petrograd
had the unexpected result of toppling the Tsar
from his throne. After 300 years of power, the
Romanovs disappeared so quickly that even the
revolutionary parties were taken by surprise. The Tsar
realised he had lost the support of his troops, even
of some of his generals, and so abdicated. The only
things missing were actual revolutionaries.
From
A History of the
Modern World, RICHARD POULTON,
1980 This was a textbook written for use in British schools.
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Question
1d
How
accurate an interpretation is Source D of the
events of the Russian Revolution of March 1917?
Use Source D and your own knowledge to
explain your answer. (10 marks)
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Question
1e
Later
in 1917 there was a second revolution when the
Bolsheviks were able to gain control.
Use
your own knowledge to explain why the Bolsheviks were
able to seize control in October/November
1917. (15 marks)
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